Practical guidelines for diagnosing arterial hypertension of the Croatian Society of Hypertension of Croatian Medical Association and the Working Group on Hypertension of the Croatian Cardiac Society

    Authors

    Abstract

    Arterial hypertension is the main independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in most countries. Despite the availability of all classes of antihypertensive drugs, the rate control in hypertension treatment is insufficient, for which there are abundant explanations. One of the main reasons is the gap between evidence-based guidelines and their applicability in practice, a gap which leads to poor rate control in hypertension and increases the number of premature cardiovascular events and death. The first step in the management of a hypertensive patient is rational diagnosis, i.e., to avoid increasing the expenses of treating this mass chronic disease by unnecessary tests and to minimize errors. The aim of these practical guidelines for diagnosis of hypertension is for them to be practical and useful in everyday practice. There is an emphasis on particular procedures and data with exact cut-off values. The aim of these guidelines is not only to guide and simplify our decision-making process in everyday work, but also to educate. We thus provide reminders on some fundamental knowledge. There are some novel elements (instructions of heart rate, place and role of central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurement, estimation of renal function, IT e.g. telemonitoring, and the use of smartphone apps). At the end of the guidelines, we provide several appendices which could be useful in everyday clinical work, such as questionnaires for sleep apnea syndrome, questionnaires for erectile and sexual dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction questionnaires, and others. In these guidelines, we wanted to be practical, precise, and realistic given the options available in our work setting. The objective was to show and cover as many specific facts and procedures as possible that we find useful in everyday work, so that the clinician does not have to waste time searching the guidelines or literature.

    Keywords

    KLJUČNE RIJEČI: arterijska hipertenzija, smjernice, dijagnostika, hypertension, guidelines, diagnosis

    DOI

    https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2017.413

    Full Text

    Arterial hypertension is the main independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in most countries. Despite the availability of all classes of antihypertensive drugs, the rate control in hypertension treatment is insufficient, for which there are abundant explanations. One of the main reasons is the gap between evidence-based guidelines and their applicability in practice, a gap which leads to poor rate control in hypertension and increases the number of premature cardiovascular events and death. The first step in the management of a hypertensive patient is rational diagnosis, i.e., to avoid increasing the expenses of treating this mass chronic disease by unnecessary tests and to minimize errors. The aim of these practical guidelines for diagnosis of hypertension is for them to be practical and useful in everyday practice. There is an emphasis on particular procedures and data with exact cut-off values. The aim of these guidelines is not only to guide and simplify our decision-making process in everyday work, but also to educate. We thus provide reminders on some fundamental knowledge. There are some novel elements (instructions of heart rate, place and role of central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurement, estimation of renal function, IT e.g. telemonitoring, and the use of smartphone apps). At the end of the guidelines, we provide several appendices which could be useful in everyday clinical work, such as questionnaires for sleep apnea syndrome, questionnaires for erectile and sexual dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction questionnaires, and others. In these guidelines, we wanted to be practical, precise, and realistic given the options available in our work setting. The objective was to show and cover as many specific facts and procedures as possible that we find useful in everyday work, so that the clinician does not have to waste time searching the guidelines or literature.

    Cardiologia Croatica
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    Practical guidelines for diagnosing arterial hypertension of the Croatian Society of Hypertension of Croatian Medical Association and the Working Group on Hypertension of the Croatian Cardiac Society

    Special Article
    Issue11-12
    Published
    Pages413-451
    PDF via DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2017.413
    KLJUČNE RIJEČI: arterijska hipertenzija
    smjernice
    dijagnostika
    hypertension
    guidelines
    diagnosis

    Authors

    Bojan Jelaković*ORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Maja BaretićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Maja ČikešORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Živka DikaORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Margareta Fištrek-PrlićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Ana JelakovićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Jelena KosORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Ivana KraljevićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Mario LaganovićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Robert LikićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Martina Lovrić-BenčićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Draško PavlovićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Darko PočanićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Hrvoje TiljakORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Majda Vrkić-KirhmajerORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Tajana Željković-VrkićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Željko ReinerORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska
    Davor MiličićORCIDHrvatsko društvo za hipertenziju Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, Hrvatska

    Abstract

    Arterial hypertension is the main independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in most countries. Despite the availability of all classes of antihypertensive drugs, the rate control in hypertension treatment is insufficient, for which there are abundant explanations. One of the main reasons is the gap between evidence-based guidelines and their applicability in practice, a gap which leads to poor rate control in hypertension and increases the number of premature cardiovascular events and death. The first step in the management of a hypertensive patient is rational diagnosis, i.e., to avoid increasing the expenses of treating this mass chronic disease by unnecessary tests and to minimize errors. The aim of these practical guidelines for diagnosis of hypertension is for them to be practical and useful in everyday practice. There is an emphasis on particular procedures and data with exact cut-off values. The aim of these guidelines is not only to guide and simplify our decision-making process in everyday work, but also to educate. We thus provide reminders on some fundamental knowledge. There are some novel elements (instructions of heart rate, place and role of central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurement, estimation of renal function, IT e.g. telemonitoring, and the use of smartphone apps). At the end of the guidelines, we provide several appendices which could be useful in everyday clinical work, such as questionnaires for sleep apnea syndrome, questionnaires for erectile and sexual dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction questionnaires, and others. In these guidelines, we wanted to be practical, precise, and realistic given the options available in our work setting. The objective was to show and cover as many specific facts and procedures as possible that we find useful in everyday work, so that the clinician does not have to waste time searching the guidelines or literature.

    Full Text

    Arterial hypertension is the main independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in most countries. Despite the availability of all classes of antihypertensive drugs, the rate control in hypertension treatment is insufficient, for which there are abundant explanations. One of the main reasons is the gap between evidence-based guidelines and their applicability in practice, a gap which leads to poor rate control in hypertension and increases the number of premature cardiovascular events and death. The first step in the management of a hypertensive patient is rational diagnosis, i.e., to avoid increasing the expenses of treating this mass chronic disease by unnecessary tests and to minimize errors. The aim of these practical guidelines for diagnosis of hypertension is for them to be practical and useful in everyday practice. There is an emphasis on particular procedures and data with exact cut-off values. The aim of these guidelines is not only to guide and simplify our decision-making process in everyday work, but also to educate. We thus provide reminders on some fundamental knowledge. There are some novel elements (instructions of heart rate, place and role of central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurement, estimation of renal function, IT e.g. telemonitoring, and the use of smartphone apps). At the end of the guidelines, we provide several appendices which could be useful in everyday clinical work, such as questionnaires for sleep apnea syndrome, questionnaires for erectile and sexual dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction questionnaires, and others. In these guidelines, we wanted to be practical, precise, and realistic given the options available in our work setting. The objective was to show and cover as many specific facts and procedures as possible that we find useful in everyday work, so that the clinician does not have to waste time searching the guidelines or literature.