Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: how to choose an appropriate candidate

    Authors

    Keywords

    transcatheter aortic valve implantation, aortic stenosis, patient selection, risk

    DOI

    https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2021.306

    Full Text

    Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has rapidly evolved over the past decade in response to growing population of older adults with aortic stenosis ( 1 ). Initially, TAVI was approved for patients determined to be inoperable, but recently has expanded to those who were qualified as intermediate and low risk. The appropriate patient for a TAVI procedure typically has symptomatic senile degenerative AS of a trileaflet valve but recently indications for TAVI have expanded beyond typical and therefore choosing the optimal candidate has become more challenging. Patient selection for TAVI is based on accurate clinical and anatomical assessment of aortic stenosis. Patient selection is crucial when determining whether a patient is likely to benefit from catheter-based intervention as opposed to surgical intervention as well as determine whether patient is ill with the aortic stenosis or ill because of the aortic stenosis. This is because there are several clinical and anatomical aspects to be considered by the Heart team that favors a particular approach to treating severe aortic valve disease. The Heart team needs to discuss and evaluate expected quality of life versus risk of complications ( 2 ). Besides of proper patient selection, the safety and efficacy of prothesis implantation depends on procedural guidance which is based on a multimodality imaging approach. There are several patient factors and comorbidities which are associated with a poor post-TAVI outcome. These comorbidities include respiratory conditions associated with chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease as well as frailty. Mobility, nutrition, and cognition in patients have been incorporated into many preoperative evaluations for selecting TAVI patients due to the relationship with poorer outcomes. Identifying the comorbidities which lead to poor outcomes post-TAVI remains a particularly challenging issue. Larger trials are required to determine which subpopulations of patients stand to benefit most from this procedure.

    Cardiologia Croatica
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    Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: how to choose an appropriate candidate

    Extended Abstract
    Issue9-10
    Published
    Pages306
    PDF via DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2021.306
    transcatheter aortic valve implantation
    aortic stenosis
    patient selection
    risk

    Authors

    Ivana Jurin*ORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
    Tomislav ŠipićORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
    Daniel UnićORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
    Igor RudežORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
    Šime ManolaORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
    Irzal HadžibegovićORCIDUniversity Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia

    Full Text

    Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has rapidly evolved over the past decade in response to growing population of older adults with aortic stenosis ( 1 ). Initially, TAVI was approved for patients determined to be inoperable, but recently has expanded to those who were qualified as intermediate and low risk. The appropriate patient for a TAVI procedure typically has symptomatic senile degenerative AS of a trileaflet valve but recently indications for TAVI have expanded beyond typical and therefore choosing the optimal candidate has become more challenging. Patient selection for TAVI is based on accurate clinical and anatomical assessment of aortic stenosis. Patient selection is crucial when determining whether a patient is likely to benefit from catheter-based intervention as opposed to surgical intervention as well as determine whether patient is ill with the aortic stenosis or ill because of the aortic stenosis. This is because there are several clinical and anatomical aspects to be considered by the Heart team that favors a particular approach to treating severe aortic valve disease. The Heart team needs to discuss and evaluate expected quality of life versus risk of complications ( 2 ). Besides of proper patient selection, the safety and efficacy of prothesis implantation depends on procedural guidance which is based on a multimodality imaging approach. There are several patient factors and comorbidities which are associated with a poor post-TAVI outcome. These comorbidities include respiratory conditions associated with chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease as well as frailty. Mobility, nutrition, and cognition in patients have been incorporated into many preoperative evaluations for selecting TAVI patients due to the relationship with poorer outcomes. Identifying the comorbidities which lead to poor outcomes post-TAVI remains a particularly challenging issue. Larger trials are required to determine which subpopulations of patients stand to benefit most from this procedure.