Authors
- Hrvoje Pintarić — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0002-7741-4194
- Marijana Knezović Florijan — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0002-7915-2562
- Ian Bridges — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0002-3317-3528
- Robert Steiner — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0003-2250-9855
- Luka Zaputović — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0001-9415-9618
- Davor Miličić — Faculty of Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia — ORCID: 0000-0001-9101-1570
Keywords
hyperlipidemia, secondary prevention, cardiovascular events
DOI
https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2018.430Full Text
Aim : An observational study was conducted to evaluate current management of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients being treated for hyperlipidemia across central/eastern Europe and Israel. Information from this region is somewhat limited at present. Here we present data from the Croatian subpopulation. Patients and Methods: We enrolled adult patients who were receiving lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and attending a specialist (cardiologist/diabetologist/lipidologist) or general practitioner (GP) for a routine visit at a participating academic/specialist/GP centre in Croatia. Data were collected retrospectively from patients’ records for the preceding 12 months. Patients were classified by cardiovascular risk category: Very High Risk (VHR), according to European guidelines, ( 1 , 2 ) or Extremely High Risk (EHR) according to recent American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) criteria. ( 3 ) Results: 89 patients (all secondary prevention: VHR 41/EHR 48) were enrolled at 4 sites ( Table 1 ). All were receiving statins, as monotherapy (VHR 92.7%/EHR 83.3%) or combined with fibrates (VHR 4.9%/EHR 14.6%) or ezetimibe (VHR 2.4%/EHR 2.1%). Approximately 70% of patients in both subgroups were taking high-intensity statins (atorvastatin 40-80mg or rosuvastatin 20-40mg/day). Median (Q1, Q3) LDL-C levels were 2.5 (2.0, 3.8) mmol/L at the first, and 1.9 (1.6, 2.4) mmol/L at the last, visit of observation for VHR. Corresponding levels were 2.4 (1.7, 3.7) mmol/L and 2.1 (1.5, 3.1) mmol/L for EHR. Only 17 (41.5%; 95% CI 26.3-57.9) VHR patients and 13 (27.1%; 15.3-41.9) EHR patients had LDL-C levels within target (<1.8 mmol/L and <1.42 mmol/L, respectively). In general, the EHR group had lower median HDL-C (P <0.05) than the VHR group (e.g. 1.0 vs. 1.1 mmol/L at last visit; Table 1 ). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a substantial proportion of VHR and EHR secondary prevention patients being treated across Croatia have LDL-C levels exceeding targets recommended in European and newer AACE guidelines. ( 1 - 3 ) Despite this, not all patients are receiving high intensity statins as recommended. Identification of EHR patients and their lipid patterns may help to optimize usage of high-intensity statin treatment, alone or in combination with newer treatments, for better control of elevated LDL-C.