Early childhood fat tissue changes – future risk for metabolic related diseases: subcutaneous and visceral fat adipose tissue CD163+ cells expression and collagen deposition in young male children

    Authors

    Keywords

    CD163+, childhood obesity, collagen deposit, fat tissue, insulin resistance

    DOI

    https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2021.57

    Full Text

    Introduction : Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for adipogenesis, adipose tissue growth and architecture. ECM processes are deregulated in obesity, related to immune cell accumulation in adipose tissue and impaired metabolic functions. Soluble CD163 is a new macrophage-specific serum marker elevated in inflammatory and related with obesity and diabetes mellitus II, called obesity-related insulin resistance. ( 1 - 3 ) The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of collagen deposition and CD163+ accumulation in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue of male children. Patients and Methods : This research included 30 young male children, age in range 3.88 [3.10-9.71] years old, hospitalized for elective abdominal surgery at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the University Hospital Osijek, divided into two groups depending on their body mass index score (BMI) Z-score: normal weight (NW) group, (N=13) and overweight/obese (OO) group, (N=17). SAT and VAT samples were gained during the surgical procedure. Before the beginning of the research, patients’ parent gave written consent. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was performed, and the number of positive cells was counted per mm 2 of adipose tissue. Histological staining for extracellular components with standard Masson’s trichrome stain method was also performed and histomorphometric analysis was conducted using the free online image analysis program Fiji, a distribution of ImageJ. Results : The OO group were significantly older (5.75[3.65-10.30] vs. 3.20[2.40-4.25] years old; p=0.025) and they had higher BMI, Z-score, waist and hip circumference. In the group of OO, there was an increased collagen deposition in SAT compared to NW group (5.54 vs 3.89%; p=0.048). In the same OO group, a larger adipocyte surface area in SAT when compared with NW group was observed (980.47 vs 604.77µm 2 ; p<0.001). In VAT more CD163+ cells were counted in the group of OO children (178.00 vs 93.00; p<0,001). Conclusion : In healthy young male children increased collagen deposition and adipocyte hypertrophy is related to their weight status. Independent of age, more accumulation of CD163+ cells was observed in VAT of overweight/obese children. Early childhood fat tissue changes can present a future adult risk for metabolic-related diseases.

    Cardiologia Croatica
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    Early childhood fat tissue changes – future risk for metabolic related diseases: subcutaneous and visceral fat adipose tissue CD163+ cells expression and collagen deposition in young male children

    Extended Abstract
    Issue1-2
    Published
    Pages57
    PDF via DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2021.57
    CD163+
    childhood obesity
    collagen deposit
    fat tissue
    insulin resistance

    Authors

    Robert Mujkić*ORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Darija Šnajder MujkićORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Ivana IlićORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Anđela GrgićORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Edi RođakORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Dalibor DivkovićORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
    Kristina Selthofer-RelatićORCIDUniversity Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

    Full Text

    Introduction : Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for adipogenesis, adipose tissue growth and architecture. ECM processes are deregulated in obesity, related to immune cell accumulation in adipose tissue and impaired metabolic functions. Soluble CD163 is a new macrophage-specific serum marker elevated in inflammatory and related with obesity and diabetes mellitus II, called obesity-related insulin resistance. ( 1 - 3 ) The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of collagen deposition and CD163+ accumulation in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue of male children. Patients and Methods : This research included 30 young male children, age in range 3.88 [3.10-9.71] years old, hospitalized for elective abdominal surgery at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the University Hospital Osijek, divided into two groups depending on their body mass index score (BMI) Z-score: normal weight (NW) group, (N=13) and overweight/obese (OO) group, (N=17). SAT and VAT samples were gained during the surgical procedure. Before the beginning of the research, patients’ parent gave written consent. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was performed, and the number of positive cells was counted per mm 2 of adipose tissue. Histological staining for extracellular components with standard Masson’s trichrome stain method was also performed and histomorphometric analysis was conducted using the free online image analysis program Fiji, a distribution of ImageJ. Results : The OO group were significantly older (5.75[3.65-10.30] vs. 3.20[2.40-4.25] years old; p=0.025) and they had higher BMI, Z-score, waist and hip circumference. In the group of OO, there was an increased collagen deposition in SAT compared to NW group (5.54 vs 3.89%; p=0.048). In the same OO group, a larger adipocyte surface area in SAT when compared with NW group was observed (980.47 vs 604.77µm 2 ; p<0.001). In VAT more CD163+ cells were counted in the group of OO children (178.00 vs 93.00; p<0,001). Conclusion : In healthy young male children increased collagen deposition and adipocyte hypertrophy is related to their weight status. Independent of age, more accumulation of CD163+ cells was observed in VAT of overweight/obese children. Early childhood fat tissue changes can present a future adult risk for metabolic-related diseases.