Do we recognize obesity as an important hemodynamic, morphologic and cardiometabolic factor in echocardiographic evaluation?

    Authors

    Keywords

    echocardiography, epicardial adipose tissue, left ventricle remodeling, obesity, right ventricle remodeling

    DOI

    https://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2019.70

    Full Text

    Obesity has become a global public health issue. Cardiac adaptation to obesity includes structural and functional changes of the heart. Anatomic and biomolecular characteristics of adipose tissue present it as an endocrine organ with neurohumoral adipokines activity. However, fat tissue differs according to embryologic origin, anatomic localization, gender and biomolecular properties. Qualitative and quantitative echocardiographic evaluation in obese patients can be crucial for detecting cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased adipose mass causes functional and morphological changes of the heart. Increased body fat and body surface area are associated with increased blood volume, ventricle preload, resting output and stroke volume; supranormal systolic function and possible aortic root dilatation; abnormal left and right ventricle geometry, as a result of compensatory wall hypertrophy regarding pressure or volume overload; enlarged left and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter and elevated end-diastolic volume; and increased left atrium area and volume. Using indexed parameters in echo analysis in obese patients are recommended. Early detection of obesity related cardiovascular abnormalities may be useful in the future for patient management. Particularly, strain echo acts as a technique for the early detection of subclinical changes of the left ventricle in obese patients, while epicardial adipose tissue is the newest echo detector of cardiac visceral fat as a cardiometabolic and right ventricle remodeling risk factor. Routine clinical echo practice in obese patients can be limited by technical factors, especially right heart morphologic and functional measurements. However, contrast and transesophageal echocardiography offers additional methods for cardiac structure visualization. ( 1 - 4 )

    Cardiologia Croatica
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    Do we recognize obesity as an important hemodynamic, morphologic and cardiometabolic factor in echocardiographic evaluation?

    Extended Abstract
    Issue3-4
    Published
    Pages70
    PDF via DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15836/ccar2019.70
    echocardiography
    epicardial adipose tissue
    left ventricle remodeling
    obesity
    right ventricle remodeling

    Authors

    Kristina Selthofer-Relatić*ORCIDUniversity Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

    Full Text

    Obesity has become a global public health issue. Cardiac adaptation to obesity includes structural and functional changes of the heart. Anatomic and biomolecular characteristics of adipose tissue present it as an endocrine organ with neurohumoral adipokines activity. However, fat tissue differs according to embryologic origin, anatomic localization, gender and biomolecular properties. Qualitative and quantitative echocardiographic evaluation in obese patients can be crucial for detecting cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased adipose mass causes functional and morphological changes of the heart. Increased body fat and body surface area are associated with increased blood volume, ventricle preload, resting output and stroke volume; supranormal systolic function and possible aortic root dilatation; abnormal left and right ventricle geometry, as a result of compensatory wall hypertrophy regarding pressure or volume overload; enlarged left and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter and elevated end-diastolic volume; and increased left atrium area and volume. Using indexed parameters in echo analysis in obese patients are recommended. Early detection of obesity related cardiovascular abnormalities may be useful in the future for patient management. Particularly, strain echo acts as a technique for the early detection of subclinical changes of the left ventricle in obese patients, while epicardial adipose tissue is the newest echo detector of cardiac visceral fat as a cardiometabolic and right ventricle remodeling risk factor. Routine clinical echo practice in obese patients can be limited by technical factors, especially right heart morphologic and functional measurements. However, contrast and transesophageal echocardiography offers additional methods for cardiac structure visualization. ( 1 - 4 )